Lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), also known as rechargeable lithium batteries or lithium-ion batteries, are high-energy density power sources. They use lithium ions as charge carriers and can be charged and discharged multiple times. LIBs are widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, aerospace, and other fields.

The main components of LIBs include electrodes, separators, electrolyte, and other components. The electrodes are mainly composed of a current collector and active materials. The anode material is usually a lithium-insertion material such as graphite or silicon, while the cathode material is usually a transition metal oxide or phosphate. The separator is a porous film that separates the anode and cathode and allows the transport of lithium ions. The electrolyte is a lithium salt dissolved in a solvent or mixture of solvents.

LIBs have many advantages, such as high energy density, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, and no memory effect. However, they also have some disadvantages, such as potential safety problems due to over-charging or over-discharging, and the use of flammable organic solvents in the electrolyte.

There are many research directions in the field of LIBs, including improving the safety performance, increasing the energy density and power density, reducing the cost, and improving the cycling performance and storage performance. One of the main safety issues of LIBs is the risk of over-charging or over-discharging, which can lead to temperature rise, pressure increase, and even fire or explosion. Therefore, it is necessary to study safe charging and discharging management methods to ensure the safety of LIBs. At present, many companies and research institutions are conducting research on LIBs, trying to find new electrode materials, new electrolyte materials, and new manufacturing processes to improve the performance and safety of LIBs.

In summary, LIBs are one of the most important energy storage devices in modern society. With the continuous development and improvement of battery technology, LIBs will have more broad applications in the future.