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Lithium batteries are a class of batteries made of lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material, using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Lithium-ion batteries with carbon materials as the negative electrode, lithium-containing compounds as the positive electrode, depending on the positive electrode compound, common lithium-ion batteries are ternary lithium-ion batteries, lithium manganate ion batteries, lithium iron phosphate ion batteries, etc.
1, ternary material lithium-ion battery
We often say ternary lithium-ion battery is the ternary polymer lithium-ion battery, it refers to the positive electrode material using lithium nickel cobalt manganate or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum acid ternary cathode material lithium-ion battery. Ternary material lithium ion battery capacity is higher, cycle life is better; multiplier discharge is good.
The disadvantages are the following: the price is the most expensive of the three materials, and there is no advantage in safety performance. The current lithium-ion battery explosion cases using ternary material lithium-ion battery is the majority.
2, lithium iron phosphate ion batteries
Lithium-iron phosphate batteries are lithium-ion batteries with lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material. Its safety performance is better, high cycle life (about 1500 times), high temperature performance.
Lithium iron phosphate batteries are generally considered to be green batteries that do not contain any heavy metals and rare metals and are non-toxic and non-polluting. The reason why lithium iron phosphate batteries are favoured by the industry, is important for environmental reasons.
Of course, lithium iron phosphate also has its shortcomings: for example, the price is not cheap, low-temperature performance is poor, in addition to the same volume of weight has a small capacity shortcomings.
3, lithium manganate ion battery
As the name implies, lithium manganate ion battery is lithium manganate as the cathode material, and lithium manganate is one of the more promising lithium ion cathode material. Lithium manganate ion batteries are widely used for their low cost, non-polluting, high safety and good multiplier performance. In addition, lithium manganate has good low-temperature performance, and can achieve over 90% efficiency at a low temperature of minus 20 degrees below zero.
The disadvantages of lithium manganate are its poor performance at high temperatures and its tendency to bulge, its relatively short cycle life (generally around 300 to 400 cycles) and the fact that the material itself is not very stable and prone to gas decomposition, so it is mostly used in combination with other materials to reduce the cost of batteries. Its poor cycling performance and electrochemical stability greatly limit its industrialisation.
Summary comparison:
The three materials of lithium-ion batteries in terms of safety, lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganate have better safety. In terms of capacity, lithium ternary and lithium manganate are superior. Lithium iron phosphate ion batteries have the longest cycle life, while lithium manganate ion batteries have a clear advantage in terms of production cost and applicable temperature.