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Because of the forward development of society, more and more energy demanded by human beings, the traditional fossil power is not only not renewable, too much use has aggravated the deterioration of the environment. Although the current power structure is basically built on the foundation of fossil fuels, but people have also understood the importance of making full use of renewable power such as wind and solar energy. However, these power effects are not continuous and require energy storage. Power lithium batteries are very suitable as a device for storing electrical energy in the form of chemical energy. In particular, secondary batteries are used in modern people's mobile phones, watches and even cars.
The performance of batteries has been gradually optimised during decades of development, of which high specific energy is the approach that is constantly sought. Because the specific gravity of lithium in all metals is very small (M = 6.94g/mol), low electrical potential (standard electrical potential - 3.045V), it is a metal with high energy density, lithium battery system can theoretically obtain a large energy density, and therefore it is water to enter the vision of researchers.
The main varieties of lithium batteries: lithium batteries are also divided into lithium primary batteries (also known as lithium primary batteries) and lithium secondary batteries (lithium rechargeable batteries), and in 1912 by GilbertN.Lewis once proposed, will lead people's vision to the vivid metal batteries.
Li-MnO2 battery (lithium primary battery) Li-MnO2 battery is a more widely used lithium battery.
Battery is a more organic electrolyte battery used in lithium batteries, generally made of button-type or cylindrical, open-circuit voltage of 3.5V, load voltage of 2.8V, specific energy up to 20W.hIkg and 500W.hL, battery storage life at room temperature exceeds 10 years, and storage and discharge process without gas emission, good safety performance. (-) Li|LiCIO4, PC+DMG|/Mn02(+) negative reaction: Li-e--Li+ positive reaction: MnO2+Li++e.-Mn0OL battery reaction: Li+MnO2-MnOOLi In accordance with the above reaction, Li-MnO2 discharge negative lithium generation Li+ into the electrolyte solution, positive manganese dioxide to electron reduction into trivalent manganese, while This type of battery is mainly used for low rate discharge. The energy ratio is about 5 to 7 times that of a lead-acid battery. No gas is emitted during storage and discharge, the self-discharge is small and the internal pressure of the battery does not increase due to the decomposition of the active material. Li-SOCI2 battery (lithium primary battery) Li-SOCI2 battery is a more mature organic electrolyte battery. Its open-circuit voltage is as high as 3.6~3.7V, and the voltage is smooth, the load voltage accuracy is high, and there is also a high specific energy. The electrochemical expression for the Li-SOCI2 battery is: (-) Lij]LiACI4-SOCI2|C(+) The electrolyte is a SOCI2 solution of LiAC4. substance. Battery reaction:4Li+2SOC2-4LiCIH+S+SO2 Discharge product sulphur dioxide is partially dissolved in SOCI2, sulphur monomers precipitate in large quantities and accumulate in the positive carbon black, LiCI is not allowed. This battery of negative lithium and SOC2 contact will produce the following reaction 8Li + 3SOCI2-6LiCHLi2S204 + S2CI2 because the product LiCI constitute a fine protective film hindered the reaction, and because it is still a solid electrolyte film, promise ions through, so do not hinder the normal positive dissolution of lithium. However, there are two outstanding problems with SOC2 batteries, namely "voltage hysteresis" and "safety issues".
The voltage hysteresis is due to the production of LiCI, which covers the surface of the lithium cation in the form of a thin film, and although it prevents the battery from self-discharging, it causes a voltage hysteresis. In addition, the longer the storage time and the higher the storage temperature, the thicker the film becomes and the more pronounced the hysteresis. When the SOCI2 cell is short-circuited, it triggers a thermal reaction between Li and S:2Li+S-Li2SLi2S can in turn react violently with SOCI2 at 145 degrees, leading to an explosion.
There is also an explosion caused by the lithium piling up on the positive constitutes a dendrite, causing a short circuit. li and S reactions, or SO2 can also produce reactions in the negative, the final product into CI2O this very unstable and explosive material. To sum up, forklift lithium batteries have ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium iron manganate batteries, lithium nickel cobalt, lithium ion batteries, lithium polymer batteries and so on many varieties, different types of lithium batteries used in different categories.